One billion dollars from export of children
The old system of international adoption, practiced until 2004, has put more than one billion euros in the pockets of those who have left children intermediate Romanian foreign countries.
Nearly 30,000 Romanian children were adopted internationally from 1990 until the end of 2004, when he entered into force new legislation concerning the legal status of adoptions, which put a "exports" of children. The figure, reported by Theodora Bertzi, head of the Romanian Office for Adoptions (ORA), was first circulating in sociologist Alin Teodorescu, based on a study in 2003. "If from 1997 until 2002, after introducing moratorium, were acts of international adoption for 10,000 children, the figure of 30,000 does not seem exaggerated for the period 1990-2004," said Bertzi.
30,000 dollars for a child
In addition, says chief ORA NGOs were funded by Romanian families from outside in order to receive children for international adoption, money which should have been invested in programs in Romania. Besides these sums, families dadeau foreign NGOs, local partners of the amounts between 30,000 and 50,000 euros, to adopt a Romanian child, said Bertzi. A simple calculation shows that the Romanian children was paid in these years at least one billion euros.
Diana Nistorescu, executive director of the Federation of NGOs Active in Child Protection (FONPC), said that NGOs had this money from outside "is allowed to pay taxes from the Child Protection which had priority in obtaining permits, are favored .
She added that "the old system was corrupt, from the highest level until the last maternity leave, but nobody was punished." Bogdan Panait, president of the Authority for Child Protection (ANPDC) says that "most of the amounts taken to remain in Romanian children abroad, including where they were used in election campaigns of politicians who claimed international adoptions.
Take the signature
Secretary of State ORA explain the large number of children who went to a foreign family in very simple ways of making adoptions, but also by the existence of trafficking networks. "Before 1997, adoption is made in the village hall. Venea mother who sign that they put the baby up for adoption, then sign and making adoptatoare family in receipt. The transaction is easy, and had a child stuff," according Theodora Bertzi. The trafficking of children, both reported by the European Community, as well as representatives of NGOs, and those who deal with child protection, are now in a process of "sleepy", pending unlocking international adoptions, added the representative TIME.
Nepotism between NGOs and state
Before the moratorium established in 2001, which provisional closing valve adoptiior international law Roman "made clear the connection between children and money, which led to the corruption," said Bertzi. She claims that were several methods used for trafficking in children, a clear violation of international law and signed by Romania.
One of these was the creation of an internal network based on nepotism, between representatives of state institutions who were in care of children and NGOs allowed to do international adoptions. "I know chiefs who were at the Office of Adoptions, whose daughter was a lawyer and worked at a firm adoption. So here is how to circulate information. Or a head swing, or was swinging, whose daughter had a foundation in connection with another foundation outside, all the lawyer girl. She clearly knew where the children are families who came and I brought there. When you have families who wanted a child, this was done immediately adopted. These were not in law incompatibilities, but they exist. For that could never be punished, "tells Bertzi.
Mothers, and fooled by the state attorneys
Another method of obtaining a child has been systematic pacalirea mothers, especially after 1997. On the one hand, lawyers NGOs interested persuade mothers, usually poor, as the child is better to be raised several years of rich families from abroad. Finally, the mother signed a notarized document that was agreed to give her children from their families abroad, but without knowing the final despartirea was said Bertzi.
In parallel, the social workers tried to separate the child from the mother and the staff placed the cradle where the baby was not recorded in the register of visiting relatives or mother. So that, by law, if a child appeared in obvious that was not visited his family for more than six months, it became adopted. Before 1997, the network traffic was in the maternity and pediatric sections. "Who had the information? Medical personnel working there. Certainly there is a remuneration for the job. It's hard to prove, that any party would not have any interest to say that he / it or took money," says chief TIME.
Theodora Bertzi May shows that he began receiving complaints from mothers coming in the past, which now require to give kids back, but authorities can not do anything for them.
Valve was closed to traffic
Romanian authorities say that now, in Romania, there is the framework that allows such kind of trafficking in children. "There may be traffic now. There is a clear procedure is that the new law that binds the hands," said Theodora Bertzi. Opinion shared by Secretary of State Bogdan Panait: "The law had cut much of the impetus. We did not have signs that it would have such things happen, plus the corrupt foundations do not have authorization or have no activity object now. Diana Nistorescu from FONPC says: "It is very hard to believe that they steal children from maternity or that there is network traffic. Such information leak usually is about large sums of money."
Un miliard de dolari din exportul de copii (Social)
Vechiul sistem de adoptie internationala, practicat pina in 2004, a bagat peste un miliard de euro in buzunarele celor care au intermediat plecarea copiilor romani in tari straine.
Aproape 30.000 de copii romani au fost adoptati international din 1990 pina la sfirsitul lui 2004, cind a intrat in vigoare noua legislatie privind regimul juridic al adoptiilor, care a pus punct "exporturilor" de copii. Cifra, semnalata de Theodora Bertzi, seful Oficiului Roman pentru Adoptii (ORA), a fost pentru prima data vehiculata de sociologul Alin Teodorescu, pe baza unui studiu din 2003. "Daca din 1997 pina in 2002, dupa instaurarea moratoriului, au fost facute acte de adoptie internationala pentru 10.000 de copii, cifra de 30.000 nu pare exagerata pentru perioada 1990-2004", a declarat Bertzi.
30.000 de dolari pentru un copil
In plus, spune seful ORA, ONG-urile romanesti erau finantate de familiile din afara ca sa poata primi copii spre adoptie internationala, bani care ar fi trebuit investiti in programe in Romania. Pe linga aceste sume, familiile dadeau ONG-urilor straine, partenere ale celor autohtone, sume cuprinse intre 30.000 si 50.000 de euro, pentru a adopta un copil roman, afirma Bertzi. Un simplu calcul arata ca pentru copiii romani s-a platit in acesti ani minimum un miliard de euro.
Diana Nistorescu, director executiv al Federatiei ONG-urilor Active in Protectia Copilului (FONPC), spune ca ONG-urile care aveau acesti bani din afara "isi permiteau sa plateasca taxe celor de la Protectia Copilului prin care aveau prioritate la obtinerea autorizatiilor, fiind favorizati".
Ea a adaugat ca "vechiul sistem a fost corupt, de la cel mai inalt nivel pina la ultima maternitate, insa nu a fost nimeni pedepsit". Bogdan Panait, presedintele Autoritatii pentru Protectia Copilului (ANPDC) spune ca "majoritatea sumelor luate pentru copiii romani ramineau in strainatate, unde erau folosite inclusiv in campaniile electorale ale politicienilor care sustineau adoptiile internationale".
Luati pe semnatura
Secretarul de stat ORA explica numarul mare de copii care au mers la o familie straina prin modalitatile foarte simple prin care se faceau adoptiile, dar si prin existenta retelelor de trafic. "Inainte de 1997, adoptia se facea la primaria de comuna. Venea mama copilului, care semna ca isi da copilul spre adoptie, apoi semna si familia adoptatoare de luare in primire. Tranzactia se facea usor, iar copilul ajunsese ca o marfa", potrivit Theodorei Bertzi. Sistemul de traficare a copiilor, semnalat atit de comunitatea europeana, cit si de reprezentantii ONG-urilor si ai celor care se ocupa de protectia copilului, se afla acum intr-un proces de "adormire", in asteptarea deblocarii adoptiilor internationale, a adaugat reprezentantul ORA.
Nepotism intre ONG-uri si stat
Inainte de moratoriul instaurat in 2001, prin care se inchidea provizoriu supapa adoptiior internationale, legislatia romana "facea clar legatura intre copii si bani, care au dus la coruperea sistemului", spune Bertzi. Ea sustine ca au fost mai multe metode folosite pentru traficul de copii, incalcari clare ale legislatiilor internationale semnate si de Romania.
Una dintre acestea a fost crearea unei retele interne, bazate pe nepotism, intre reprezentantii institutiilor statului care aveau in grija copiii si ONG-urile autorizate sa faca adoptii internationale. "Am aflat de sefi, care erau la Biroul de Adoptii, a caror fiica era avocat si lucra la o firma de adoptii. Deci iata cum circula informatia. Sau o directoare de leagan, sau fost leagan, a carei fata avea o fundatie, in legatura cu alta fundatie din afara, tot avocata fata. Ea stia clar unde, care sint copiii, familiile care veneau si ii aduceau acolo. In momentul in care aveau familii care doreau un copil, imediat acesta era facut adoptabil. Astea nu erau in lege incompatibilitati, dar ele existau. De asta nici nu puteau fi pedepsite", povesteste Bertzi.
Mamele, pacalite de stat si de avocati
O alta metoda de obtinere a unui copil roman a fost pacalirea sistematica a mamelor, in special dupa 1997. Pe de o parte, avocatii ONG-urilor interesate le convingeau pe mame, de obicei sarace, ca le e mai bine copiilor sa fie crescuti citiva ani de familii bogate din strainatate. In final, mamele semnau un act notarial prin care erau de acord sa-si dea copiii familiilor din strainatate, fara sa stie insa ca despartirea era definitiva, spune Bertzi.
Paralel, asistentii sociali incercau sa desparta copilul de mama, iar personalul leaganului unde era plasat copilul nu trecea in registru vizitele rudelor sau ale mamei. Astfel ca, potrivit legii, daca un copil aparea in evidente ca nu a fost vizitat de familia sa timp de mai mult de sase luni, el devenea adoptabil. Inainte de 1997, reteaua de trafic era in maternitati sau sectiile de pediatrie. "Cine avea informatiile? Personalul medical care lucra acolo. Categoric exista o remuneratie pentru treaba asta. E greu de dovedit, pentru ca nici una dintre parti nu ar avea vreun interes sa spuna ca a dat/da sau a luat bani", spune seful ORA.
Theodora Bertzi mai arata ca a inceput sa primeasca plingeri de la mamele pacalite in trecut, care cer acum sa li se dea copiii inapoi, dar autoritatile nu mai pot face nimic pentru acestea.
Supapa traficului a fost inchisa
Autoritatile romane sustin ca acum, in Romania, nu mai exista cadrul care sa permita un asemenea tip de trafic de copii. "Nu se mai poate face trafic acum. Exista o procedura clara, este legea asta noua care ii leaga de miini", spune Theodora Bertzi. Parere impartasita si de secretarul de stat Bogdan Panait: "Legea le-a taiat mult din elan. Noi nu am avut semne ca s-ar mai intimpla astfel de lucruri, plus ca fundatiile corupte nu mai au autorizatie sau nu mai au obiect de activitate acum". Diana Nistorescu de la FONPC spune: "Imi e foarte greu sa cred ca se fura copii din maternitati sau ca exista retele de trafic. Astfel de informatii transpira de obicei, fiind vorba despre sume mari de bani".
Sursa: Cotidianul